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Phosphorylation-dependent Proline Isomerization Catalyzed by Pin1 Is Essential for Tumor Cell Survival and Entry into Mitosis

Departments of Oncology Research [J. F. R., S. H., C. D., B. G., P. G-C., W. J. R., A. S.] and Medicinal Chemistry [M. B., J. B., H. N.], Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma KG, 88397 Biberach, Germany

Abstract

Pin1, a member of the parvulin family of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases (PPIases) has been implicated in the G₂-M transition of the mammalian cell cycle. Pin1 interacts with a series of mitotic phosphoproteins, including Polo-like kinase-1, Cdc25C, and Cdc27, and is thought to act as a phosphorylation-dependent PPIase for these target molecules. Pin1 recognizes phosphorylated serine-proline or threonine-proline peptide-bonds in test substrates up to 1300-fold better than in the respective unphosphorylated peptides. To test directly whether Pin1 regulates the G₂-M transition and/or progression through mitosis by catalyzing phosphorylation-dependent prolyl isomerization of essential mitotic targets, we examined the consequences of Pin1 depletion, achieved by (a) overexpression of Pin1 antisense RNA, (b) overexpression of dominant-negative Pin1, and (c) by a known small-molecule Pin1-PPIase inhibitor, juglone. The results of all of the three lines of investigation show that the catalytic activity of Pin1 is essential for tumor cell survival and entry into mitosis.

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